Which of the following is NOT a guideline for ethically conducting research with human subjects?

Coercion to participate is fundamentally against ethical research practices involving human subjects. Ethical guidelines emphasize that participation in research must be voluntary; individuals should not be pressured or offered undue incentives to partake in a study. This is crucial because coercion undermines the autonomy of participants and their right to make informed decisions about their involvement.

On the other hand, the other choices—such as informed consent, minimal participant burden, and confidentiality—are established ethical principles that protect participants. Informed consent ensures that individuals understand the nature of the research and what it involves before agreeing to participate. Minimal participant burden focuses on reducing the demands placed on participants, ensuring that their participation is as convenient and unobtrusive as possible. Confidentiality refers to the obligation of researchers to protect participant information and ensure it is not disclosed without consent. These principles are foundational to conducting ethical research and safeguarding the welfare and rights of human subjects.