In qualitative research, what does "saturation" signify?

Saturation in qualitative research signifies the point where no new information or themes emerge from the data collection and analysis process. This concept is crucial because it indicates that the researcher has adequately explored the research topic to the extent that additional data collection is unlikely to provide further insights. Achieving saturation means that the existing data has covered the variances in participants' experiences and perspectives, leading to a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon being studied.

Other options do not align with this definition; for instance, the completion of data analysis does not inherently imply that saturation has been reached. Data collection would still be ongoing until saturation is achieved, which can be misinterpreted if linked to the end of a research project. Thus, saturation is a pivotal concept that helps researchers determine when they can confidently conclude their data collection efforts.